viceregal reform of the count of Lemnos in 1615. This Garden was never realized; nevertheless, among the end of 500 and the first ones of the 800, there was in Naples a flowering of small botanical gardens deprived to work of citizens some of which were also studious of a certain level as Giovan Vincent Pinelli, Giovanni Baptist Of the Door and Domenico Cirillo.
The realization was taken care of by the architects De Fazio and Paoletti. Two following decrees (February 19 1810 had signed since Gioacchino Murat and July 26 1812 signed from regent Carolina) they specified the grandeur of the fittings. In fact for the realization some decades were needed, huge sums were spent and were used the best cultural competences of the epoch.
Michael Tenore was manager of it up to 1860: his conception of the botany as autonomous science and as simple support to the medicine, brought not it to scientifically organize the garden in completely new way in comparison to the precedents "Gardens of the simple ones", in which were cultivated medicinal plants.
Currently, the activities developed in the botanical garden are manifold and they concern the cultivation and the ends presentation espositivi of the collections, the pure search and applied, the maintenance of vegetable kind in street of extinction and the didactic one.
This last interests both university students, that frequent the normal courses held in the Department of vegetable Biology, and students of the inferior and superior middle schools that, annually they visit, in big numero the botanical garden driven from personal specialized; 12 hectares, 10.000 present kinds; almost 25.000 samples gathered in collections, you introduce, generally, second three different criterions: systematic, ecological and etnobotanico.
In some areas, in fact, kind is introduced appartenenti to the same category tassonomica, for instance: the bracken, the area of the Gimnospermes, the agrumeto, the palmeto.
The citrus fruit, despite is integral part of the landscape of some zones of southern Italy, they are not native plants of the Mediterranean area, but, probably, of tropical Asia and subtropicale. Among the introduced images, a genetic particularity: the graft Chimera.
The Palms: in the botanical garden, particularly among the Arecacees, a meaningful part of the numerous existing kinds is present.
In the other zones they are cultivated plants with similar environmental demands: in the special tubs a vast representation of Ninfee; in the area exposed better, the so-called desert, has been present since 1970, the Juicy ones, commonly agreements which cried fat.
In other sectors, as in the Experimental Section of the Plants Officinalis, are cultivated useful plants (medicinal, alimentary, from essence, tintorie, textile etc.).
In the tallest part in the botanical garden, the greenhouses Califanos, constitute a modern complex endowed with systems of thermal conditioning and umidificazione.
They occupy a surface of around 5000 mqs and they are composed of varied environments, that welcome numerous collections: the most important is without doubt that of the Cycadaleses.
The greenhouse Merola, built in neoclassic style, built few years after the foundation of the garden, it essentially entertains tropical plants and subtropicali.
Placed in the castle, the Museum of paleobotanica and etnobotanica, introduces a collection of fossils, a tree filogenetico and a series of objects built with vegetable material.
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